Internet Protocol

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Internet Protocol

A number of protocols are found in the Internet layer, including the most important protocol in the entire suite, the Internet Protocol (IP). The reason that this is probably the most important protocol is that the Transport layer cannot communicate at all without communicating through IP in the Internet layer. Figure 2.24 illustrates that at one point or another all Transport layer traffic is passed through IP, with no exceptions. IP is responsible for the handling, addressing, and routing of packets on a network. It is a connection-less delivery system, and delivery of packets is not guaranteed. Reliability is provided by the higher layers, either through TCP or by higher-layer applications.

In Figure 2.24, the IP protocol is referred to by a mail truck and a telephone operator icon, because IP is responsible for the delivery of packets whether they use connection-based or non-connection-based communications. Delivery and routing are not guaranteed, even though for the most part they work seamlessly.

IP also has a number of parameters that can be set. Figure 2.25 illustrates a sample datagram for IP and the various characteristics that can be configured.

Of the parameters that can be controlled and set in the IP packet in Figure 2.25, pay close attention to the Time to Live, the Protocol, Source Address, and the Destination Address. These parameters are what specify where a datagram is supposed to be sent, where it came from, how long a packet has to get to its destination before it is discarded by the network, and to what protocol (such as TCP or UDP) the data should be passed.

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