Fragmentation and Reassembly

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Fragmentation and Reassembly

Fragmentation and reassembly occurs when data is too large to be transmitted on the underlying network. Combining a token-ring and ethernet network is the most common example. Token-ring networks support much larger frame sizes and therefore support larger datagram sizes. It may also be the case that the Transport layer sends the Internet layer more data than one datagram can handle.

In either of these cases, IP must break down the data into manageable chunks through a process called fragmentation. After data is fragmented, each datagram gets a fragment ID, identifying it in the sequence so that each fragment can be reassembled at the destination machine. This whole process is transparent to the user. Figure 2.27 illustrates the fragmentation and reassembly process that can occur between two machines.

After the fragments have been received and reassembled at the destination machine, the data can be sent up to the higher layers for processing.

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