Addressing with IP Version 6

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Addressing with IP Version 6

As was discussed earlier in this chapter, 4,294,967,296 (232) may seem like an awful lot of IP addresses. However, we saw that many of these addresses are not available for private networks. And of those, many have been used up in the exponential growth of hosts connected to the public Internet. No fear! The Internet powers that be—Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)—have risen to the challenge.

The current definition of the IP address is known as version 4, or Ipv4. This version has not been upgraded on the public Internet since 1970. However, the Internet community does not sleep. Indeed, there have been many proposals for extending the addressing scheme on the Internet. The winner is IP Version 6 (Ipv6), formerly referred to as IP next Generation (IpnG). What about Ipv5?—no such animal.

RFC 1883 specifies version 6 of the Internet Protocol (IPv6) as defined by the IETF.

The current version (Ipv4) of IP addressing uses a space of 4 octets. Ipv6 uses 16! These addresses are not commonly represented in dotted decimal form. Nor are they typically represented in binary form. But, to make things more challenging (yet take up less space) they are represented in 8 octet pairs in hexidecimal format! Here’s an example:

3E0F:ACDE:11FE:2312:34A9:FE34: 1BAF:CABE

Not only does Ipv6 offer many times the address space of IPv4 (2128 addresses instead of just 232), but it boasts other benefits to take the Internet well into the future. These benefits include simplified header format, enhanced support for real-time data and built-in expandability through the use of extension headers.

By moving non-essential fields out of the base header and into extension headers allows for a significant increase in efficiency. For example, real-time data transmissions can be guaranteed a fixed band-width through a new field in the header.

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