Static and Dynamic Routers

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Static and Dynamic Routers

As the previous section discussed, routers have built-in tables used to determine where to send a packet destined for a particular network. By default, routers know only about networks to which they are physically attached. This section discusses how routers find out about networks to which they are not physically attached —either through manual configuration or dynamic configuration.

Static routers are routers that are not able to discover networks other than those to which they have a physical interface. If this type of router is to be able to route packets to any other network, it has to be told manually what to do, through either the assignment of a default gateway on the router, or by manually editing the route table. Microsoft NT enables the user to build a static router, or multihomed router, using multiple network cards and IP addresses. In a static router environment, new changes are not reflected in the routing tables on these routers.

Dynamic routers, on the other hand, utilize inter-routing protocols. These protocols simply provide a language for routers to communicate changes to their route tables to other routers in their environment. In this way, routing tables are built dynamically and the administrator does not have to manually edit route tables to bring up a new network segment.

Dynamic routers cannot provide this function without routing protocols, though. The most popular routing protocols are the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First protocol (OSPF). RIP is a broadcast-based protocol used primarily on small to medium-sized networks. The more sophisticated OSPF protocol is used for medium to large networks.

Microsoft NT 4.0 supports the installation and use of RIP to provide dynamic routing for multihomed computers using NT as the operating system. In this way, routing tables can be updated whenever any additions to a network occur. If RIP or OSPF is used in a routed environment, it should help eliminate the need to have to manually edit route tables in your environment.

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