Viewing the Route Table

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Viewing the Route Table

To view the route table of an NT machine/router, two utilities can be used: the netstat utility and the route utility. To view the route table through netstat, go to the command prompt and type netstat -r.

This brings up the route table on your machine. However, all you can do is view the table. To view and manage the route table, including adding or changing entries, use the route utility. To view the route table using the route command, type route print.

This shows you the same table as before. When you type “route print” from the command prompt, the same table that displays with netstat -r appears. In both cases, the route table appears similar to the example shown in Figure 5.22.

The entries that are in a route table on NT 40 by default include the following:

0.0.0.0. Assuming, of course, that a default gateway is specified, this entry identifies the IP address of the default gateway, or the IP address to which packets will be sent if no other specific route table entry exists for a destination network. If multiple gateways are defined on an NT machine, you may notice more than one entry that looks like this, specifying each of the default gateways that is defined.
127.0.0.1. This is the local loopback address used for diagnostic purposes, to make sure that the IP stack on a machine is properly installed and running.
Local network. This is the identifier indicating the local network address. It indicates the gateway and interface, such as the machine’s IP address, that is used whenever a packet needs to be transmitted to a local destination.
Local host. This is used for self-referential purposes and points to the local loopback address as the gateway and interface.
Subnet broadcast. This is a directed broadcast and is treated as a directed packet by routers. Routers support the transmission of directed broadcasts to the network that is defined by the broadcast. The packet is forwarded to the network, where it is broadcast to the machines on that network. In this case, the default entry specifies the IP address of the current machine for sending out subnet broadcasts to the network this machine is on.
224.0.0.0. This is the default multicast address. If this machine is a member of any multicast groups, this and other multicast entries indicate to IP the interface used to communicate with the multicast network.
255.255.255.255. This is a limited broadcast address for broadcasts destined for any machine on the local network. Routers that receive packets destined for this address may listen to the packet as a normal host, but do not support transmission of these types of broadcasts to other networks.

When a router looks for where to send a particular packet, it searches through the route table. After a route has been determined, meaning that an IP address has been found to send the data to, IP asks ARP for the physical address of that IP address. As soon as ARP replies, the frame can be constructed and transmitted onto the wire.

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