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The TRACERT Utility
Windows NT includes the TRACERT utility, which is used to verify the route a packet takes to reach its destination. To use the this utility, simply go to the command prompt and type tracert <IP address>.
The result of running this utility for a destination address will probably look similar to the following output :
C:\>tracert www.learnix.comTracing route to www.learnix.com [199.45.92.97]
over a maximum of 30 hops:
1 156 ms 156 ms 141 ms annex.intranet.ca [206.51.251.5]
2 157 ms 156 ms 156 ms cisco2.intranet.ca [206.51.251.10]
3 172 ms 156 ms 172 ms spc-tor-6-Serial3-3.Sprint-Canada.Net [206.186.248.85]
4 156 ms 172 ms 187 ms 204.50.128.17
5 171 ms 172 ms 157 ms 205.150.206.97
6 172 ms 172 ms 297 ms h5.bb1.tor2.h4.bb1.ott1.uunet.ca [205.150.242.70]
7 172 ms 171 ms 172 ms max1.ott1.uunet.ca [205.150.233.2]
8 188 ms 203 ms 218 ms router.learnix.ca [199.71.122.193]
9 203 ms 218 ms 235 ms sparky [199.45.92.97]
Trace complete.
The result shows each router traversed to get to a destination as well as how long it took to get through each particular router. The time it takes to get through a particular router is calculated using three algorithms, which are displayed for each router hop. The IP address of each router traversed also displays. If a FQDN is available, this displays as well.
The TRACERT utility is useful for two primary diagnostic purposes.
- It detects whether a particular router is not functioning along a known path. For instance, say a user knows that packets on a network always go through Texas to get from Florida to California, but communication seems to be dead. A tracert to a California address shows all the hops up to the point where the router in Texas should respond. If it does not respond, the time values are marked with “*”s, indicating a non-functioning path.
- This utility also determines whether a router is slow and possibly needs to be upgraded or helped by adding additional routes on the network. You can determine this simply by looking at the time it takes for a packet to get through a particular router. If a particular router is deluged by packets, its return time may be significantly higher than that of any of the other hops, indicating it should be upgraded or helped in some way.
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