What DHCP Servers Can Do

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What DHCP Servers Can Do

To enable automatic TCP/IP configuration by using DHCP, the DHCP administrator first enters the valid IP addresses as a scope in the DHCP server database and then activates the scope. The DHCP administrator now enters other TCP/IP configuration information that will be given to the clients. The administrator or user then selects the Enable Automatic DHCP Configuration option on the client (found in their network configuration).

When a DHCP client host starts up, TCP/IP initializes and the client requests an IP address from a DHCP server by issuing a Dhcpdiscover packet. The Dhcpdiscover packet represents the client’s IP lease request.

After a DHCP server receives the Dhcpdiscover packet, the DHCP server offers (Dhcpoffer) one of the unassigned IP addresses from the scope of addresses that are valid for that host. This ensures that no two DHCP clients on that subnet have the same IP address. This Dhcpoffer information is sent back to the host. If your network contains more than one DHCP server, the host may receive several Dhcpoffers. In most cases, the host or client computer accepts the first Dhcpoffer that it receives. The client then sends a Dhcprequest packet containing the IP address offered by the DHCP server.

The DHCP server then sends the client an acknowledgment (Dhcpack) that contains the IP address originally sent and a lease for that address. The DHCP server leases the IP address to the DHCP client host for the specified period. The DHCP client must renew its lease before the lease expires. During the life of the lease, the client attempts to renew the lease.

The renewal request is sent automatically if the host still has TCP/IP initialized, can communicate with the DHCP server, and is still on the same subnet or network. After 50 percent of the lease time expires, the client attempts to renew its lease with the DHCP server that assigned its TCP/IP configuration. At 87.5 percent of the active lease period, the client, if unable to contact and renew the lease with the original DHCP server, attempts to communicate with any DHCP server to renew its configuration information. If the client cannot make contact with a DHCP server and consequently fails to maintain its lease, the client must discontinue use of the IP address and begin the entire process again by issuing a Dhcpdiscover packet.

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