Creating Scopes

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Creating Scopes

For a DHCP server to lease IP addresses to the DHCP clients, a range of valid IP addresses for those clients must be configured on the DHCP server. Each range of IP addresses is called a scope. One scope must be configured on the server for each subnet the DHCP server provides IP address leases to. The DHCP server is normally configured with a scope for the local subnet (the subnet the DHCP server is on) and, optionally, with a scope for each remote subnet that it will provide addresses for. The benefits of configuring scopes for remote subnets on a DHCP server are as follows:

The DHCP server can provide IP address leases to clients on remote subnets. This feature is especially useful as a backup in case another DHCP server is not available. If no DHCP server is available with an IP address lease for a DHCP client, the client cannot initialize TCP/IP. To prevent this, you may want to have more than one DHCP server that can provide a DHCP client with a lease. You must ensure, however, that the scopes on each DHCP server have unique IP address ranges so that no duplicate IP addresses are on the internetwork.
You can create separate scope options for each subnet. For example, each subnet would have a different default gateway that can be configured individually for each scope. After installing the DHCP server and restarting the computer, you must create an IP address scope. The following list demonstrates the creation of a scope. To perform this exercise, you must have the DHCP server service installed and running as shown in above. You should also know a range of IP addresses that you can use to create a DHCP scope, as well as the IP addresses that should be excluded out of that range.

The following list provides the steps that are required to configure a scope on the DHCP server.

1.	Start the DHCP Manager (Start, Programs, Administrative Tools, DHCP Manager).
2.	Select the local DHCP server “Local Machine” by clicking the entry, and then choose Create from the Scope menu item. The Create Scope dialog box is displayed. (Note: This will happen automatically the first time you run the DHCP Manager).
3.	Type the starting and ending IP addresses for the first subnet in the Start Address and the End Address fields of the IP Address Pool.
4.	Type the Subnet Mask for this scope in the Subnet Mask field.
5.	If required, type a single IP address or a range of IP addresses to be excluded from the IP. The IP address that is not used in the Address Pool in the Exclusion Range Start Address scope is added to the Excluded Addresses list. Choose Add. Repeat if required. If any hosts are not using DHCP but have an IP address that falls within the IP address pool, the IP addresses of these hosts must be excluded from the scope. If the IP address is not excluded, DHCP does not know that the IP address is already in use and might assign the IP address to a DHCP client, causing a duplicate IP address on the network. If you want certain DHCP clients to use a specific IP address out of the scope, you can assign this address from the Add Reservations dialog box as described later in this section.
6.	If you do not want the IP address leases to expire, select the Unlimited option under Lease Duration (if you do this then the configuration of the client will never be updated). If you want to force the DHCP clients to renew their leases periodically (to ensure that the client is still using the IP address), choose the Limited To: option and type the lease duration in days, hours, and minutes. By default, the Lease Duration is three days. If you have a large ratio of available IP addresses to hosts on the network, you may want to use a longer lease duration to reduce broadcast traffic. If hosts are regularly coming and going and changing subnets on the network, such as with laptops and docking stations, you want a relatively short lease duration so the DHCP server recovers previously used IP addresses fairly quickly.
7.	In the Name field, type the name to be used for referring to the scope in the DHCP Manager, for example, subnet 200.20.1.0.
8.	In the Comment field, type an optional descriptive comment for the scope, for example, Third floor west side.

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