DNS Servers

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DNS Servers

DNS (Domain Name System) servers can also be used by Windows NT 4.0 to resolve Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs) to IP addresses. Although much more common in the Unix world, Windows NT utilizes the resolution in a two-step solution:

1.	A DNS server is called to look up the FQDN supplied by the user.
2.	ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to find the hardware address or the address of the router that can deliver the request.

FQDNs are best exemplified by user addresses. For example, suppose that edulaney@iquest.net decides to use Internet Explorer to connect to www.mcp.com, which is running on Internet Information Server. The request is made at the application layer using information a user has entered.

The application layer sends it to the transport layer, which uses known ports (16-bit port addresses). The transport layer passes the data (request and information) to the network layer, which uses DNS lookup to find the addresses in 32-bit dotted decimal format.

Lastly, the interface (assume ethernet on both machines for simplicity) layer does an ARP broadcast to find the unique 48-bit hex address stamped into the NIC card.

The connection is now established and the two parties communicate—an immensely complicated procedure made possible by the DNS servers.

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