Structure of Zone Files

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Structure of Zone Files

Non-Microsoft name servers usually require manual editing of text files to create the zone files that comprise the domain name space. These files must be created with a specific syntax that can be read by DNS. Microsoft’s DNS Server includes DNS Manager, a GUI interface that displays the settings from these files and enables you to make entries in these files via the interface rather than in the files themselves. DNS Manager also enables you to manage more than one DNS Server from one location. Although you can use DNS Manager to create or modify zone files even when you do not know their syntax, understanding the content and structure of the zone files is essential to your understanding of DNS. In fact, DNS Manager refers to many of the records in the zone file by their syntax name. So whether you use a text editor to modify zone files or do it through DNS Manager, you must still understand what the different records are used for.

The zone file is also known as the database file. It contains the resource records for the part of domain covered by the zone. These files are stored in the NT file structure, in the path \WINNT\SYSTEM32\dns. A DNS Server uses three types of zone files: database file (zone), cache, and reverse lookup. You can also have a boot file, which is used to initialize the DNS Server. However, a Microsoft DNS Server is usually initialized from values stored in the registry. The capability to initialize from a boot file is included in Microsoft DNS for compatibility with other types of DNS Servers.

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