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FTP

FTP, or the file transfer protocol, provides a simple but robust mechanism for copying files to or from remote hosts using the connection-oriented services of TCP/IP. FTP is a component of the TCP/IP protocol, and is defined in RFC 959. To use FTP to send or receive files, the following requirements must be met:
  • The client computer must have FTP client software, such as the FTP client included with Windows NT.
  • The user must have a user name and password on the remote system. In some cases, a user name of anonymous with no password suffices.
  • The remote system must be running an FTP daemon.
  • Your system and the remote system must be running the TCP/IP protocol.
You can use FTP in either a command line mode or in a command interpreter mode. The following options are available from the command line:

Transfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server
service (sometimes called a daemon). FTP can be used interactively.

FTP [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s:filename] [-a] [-w:windowsize] [host]

-v Suppresses display of remote server responses.

-n Suppresses auto-login upon initial connection.

-I Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers.

-d Enables debugging.

-g Disables filename globbing (see GLOB command).

-s:filename Specifies a text file containing FTP commands;   the commands will automatically run after FTP starts.

-a Use any local interface when binding data connection.

-w:buffersize Overrides the default transfer buffer size of 4096.

Host Specifies the host name or IP address of the remote host to connect to.
If you use FTP in a command interpreter mode, some of the more frequently used options are as follows:
  • open. Specifies the remote system to which you connect.
  • close. Disconnects from a remote system.
  • ls. Obtains a directory listing on a remote system, much like the dir command in DOS. Note that the ls -l command provides file size and time stamps.
  • cd. Changes directories on the remote system. This command functions in much the same way as the DOS cd command.
  • lcd. Changes directories on the local system. This command also functions in much the same way as the DOS cd command.
  • binary. Instructs FTP to treat all files transferred as binary.
  • ascii. Instructs FTP to treat all files transferred as text.
  • get. Copies a file from the remote host to your local computer.
  • put. Copies a file from your local computer to the remote host.
  • debug. Turns on debugging commands that can be useful in diagnosing problems.
Because remote host systems typically are based on Unix, you encounter a number of nuances relating to Unix such as the following:
  • The Unix operating system uses the forward slash in path references, not the backward slash. In Windows NT, the file name \WINNT40\README.TXT would be /WINNT40/README.TXT.
  • Unix is case sensitive at all times—the command get MyFile and the command get MYFILE are not the same. User names and passwords are also case-sensitive.
  • Unix treats wild card characters, such as the asterisk and the question mark, differently. The glob command within FTP changes how wild card characters in local file names are treated.
You can also install a Windows NT FTP server, which can provide FTP file transfer services to other systems.

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